Last updated September 1, 2026
Key finding
Fasting plasma insulin decreased by 1.0 ± 1.2 μIU/mL.
This study examined the effects of dietary advice and calorie-restricted diets on diabetes management, showing varied impacts on insulin and inflammatory markers.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study examined the effects of dietary advice and calorie-restricted diets on diabetes management, showing varied impacts on insulin and inflammatory markers.
Understanding the impact of dietary interventions on diabetes management is crucial for developing effective treatment plans. This study highlights that specific dietary approaches, like a calorie-restricted higher fiber diet, can lead to better metabolic outcomes, which may help clinicians tailor dietary recommendations for patients with diabetes.
The study did not report significant differences in body weight change among groups. Effectiveness of dietary interventions remains unclear due to limited statistical significance. Findings may not be generalizable to all diabetes populations.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Hamid G, Mahdieh K, Ashraf A, Javad N. The effect of dietary advice and calorie-restricted diets on diabetes management. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017;16(1):e12089. doi:10.5812/ijem.12089
Fasting plasma insulin decreased by 1.0 ± 1.2 μIU/mL across groups.
HOMA-IR decreased by 0.3 ± 0.6, indicating improved insulin sensitivity.
TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the CRHF group compared to the advice group.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet, Low-carbohydrate diet, Simple dietary advice and Fasting insulin levels, Insulin resistance, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Related topics
9
Evidence pairs
1733
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet → Fasting insulin levels
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet → Fasting insulin levels
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet → Insulin resistance
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet → Insulin resistance
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting insulin levels
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting insulin levels
Low-carbohydrate diet → Insulin resistance
Low-carbohydrate diet → Insulin resistance
Low-carbohydrate diet → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Body Weight, Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Insulin Resistance.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
All studies on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education
Contributes to Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education evidence base.
All studies measuring Insulin Resistance
Measures Insulin Resistance as a key outcome.
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10 results
4 results
10 results
10 results
4 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may improve insulin resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting insulin levels
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 9 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may improve inflammatory markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet appears to improve fasting insulin levels.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting insulin levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Calorie-restricted vegetarian diet appears to improve insulin resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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