Hybrid closed-loop system × Time in range

Study 1 · Included

AHCL system improves glycemic control in adults with T1DM

Rct

Comparison

Participants initiated the MiniMed 780G system in open loop and then transitioned to AHCL therapy. · Participants continued with their previous treatment of multiple daily injections and self monitoring of blood glucose.

Duration / follow-up

13 weeks

Study 2 · Included

AHCL therapy improves glucose levels but increases diabetes distress in youth

Rct

Comparison

Participants used the AHCL algorithm in the Medtronic MiniMed insulin pump for 6 months. · Participants in the control arm continued their usual treatment.

Duration / follow-up

26 weeks

Study 3 · Limited

Artificial pancreas may improve glucose control in type 1 diabetes

Rct

Comparison

Patients treated with the Android‐HCL therapy for type 1 diabetes. · Patients treated with multiple injections of insulin.

Duration / follow-up

1 weeks

Study 4 · Included

Automated insulin delivery improves glucose management in diabetes with CKD

Rct

Comparison

Participants received AID for 8 weeks followed by usual care. · Participants continued with their standard insulin regimen and oral hypoglycaemic agents.

Duration / follow-up

26 weeks

Study 5 · Included

Automated insulin-glucagon delivery reduces hypoglycemia risk

Rct

Comparison

Participants used the DiaCon system in AIGD mode during the study. · Participants used the DiaCon system in AID mode during the study.

Duration / follow-up

52 weeks

Study 6 · Included

Closed-loop insulin delivery reduces hypoglycemia postpartum

Rct

Comparison

Participants received hybrid closed loop insulin delivery starting from 1 week postpartum. · Participants continued sensor augmented pump therapy from 1 week postpartum to 11 weeks, 6 days postpartum.

Duration / follow-up

12 weeks

Study 7 · Included

Closed-loop therapy enhances glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Rct

Comparison

Participants received 6 weeks of closed loop therapy first. · Participants received 6 weeks of CSII + CGM first.

Duration / follow-up

13 weeks

Study 8 · Limited

Cloud platform improves algorithm testing for type 1 diabetes

Comparison

Participants received treatment with a dual hormone artificial pancreas system. · Participants received treatment with a single hormone artificial pancreas system. · Participants received standard care with a conventional insulin pump.

Duration / follow-up

4 weeks

Study 9 · Included

Fiasp reduces hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes

Rct

Comparison

Participants received hybrid closed loop glucose control using faster acting insulin (fiasp) for 8 weeks. · Participants received hybrid closed loop glucose control using standard insulin aspart for 8 weeks.

Duration / follow-up

8 weeks

Study 10 · Included

Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Improves Glycemic Control in Youth

Rct

Comparison

Participants continued with hybrid closed loop insulin delivery using the cambridge algorithm until 48 months after diagnosis. · Participants initially randomized to control continued standard insulin therapy until 48 months after diagnosis.

Duration / follow-up

208 weeks

Study 11 · Limited

Hybrid closed-loop system improves glycemic control in neonatal diabetes.

Rct

Duration / follow-up

1 weeks

Study 12 · Included

Hybrid closed-loop therapy improves glycemic control in young children with T1D

Rct

Comparison

Participants used hybrid closed loop insulin delivery for 18 months during the extension phase. · Participants used sensor augmented pump therapy for 4 months during the primary study phase.

Duration / follow-up

78 weeks

Study 13 · Included

Hybrid telemedicine improves glycemic control in type 1 diabetes

Rct

Comparison

Participants received a hybrid follow up program incorporating telemedicine consultations alongside face to face visits. · Participants received conventional face to face follow up care following standard clinical practice.

Duration / follow-up

52 weeks

Study 14 · Limited

Meal anticipation does not improve glycemic control in T1D

Rct

Comparison

Participants received the hybrid closed loop insulin delivery system. · Participants received the full closed loop insulin delivery system. · Participants received the full closed loop insulin delivery system with meal anticipation.

Duration / follow-up

4 weeks

Study 15 · Included

Open-source AID improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes during surgery

Rct

Comparison

Participants received the open source hybrid closed loop aid system. · Participants received conventional insulin pump therapy.

Duration / follow-up

2 weeks

Study 16 · Included

Qualitative meal-size estimation shows mixed results in insulin delivery

Rct

Comparison

Participants manually enter the CHO content of meals and snacks into the system. · Participants manually announce meals as having low, medium, high, or very high CHO.

Duration / follow-up

3 weeks

Study 17 · Included

Tubeless AID system improves glycemic outcomes in type 1 diabetes

Rct

Comparison

Participants used the Omnipod 5 AID System for 13 weeks. · Participants continued using their usual insulin pump with a Dexcom G6 CGM.

Duration / follow-up

13 weeks